Grinding



iiec. 3l, 1929.

L R. HEiM nimma una April Azes. 1922.

' 3 shuts-Sheet 1 wuentoz Dec.4 31A, 1929. l, R HEIM "alumnus n manApril ze. 19,22 `5 sheets-sheet 2y wuemtoz ,im `lv f rammedv Dec. A31,1929 y IlUNITED STATES PATENT gri-ma LEWIS B. HEIN, I DANBUBY,CONNECIICLlASSIGNOB, BY IRENE ABSIG T0 4 CINNATI GBINDERS,INCDBPOBTATED, 0F CINCINNATI, OHIO,

or omo natation ma apra as, 1w. sei-m1 no. ananas.

p This invention relates'to lgrinding and more particularly tocenterless grinding. v One of the objects thereof is` to providepractical grinding apparatus which shall be readily adaptable to meetchanging condi'- tions of use.

Another object is to provide grinding apparatus inwhich the action israpid and accurate and the construction compact and simple.

Another object lis to provide dependable apparatus of the above natureadapted to permit variation of the shape of the resultant product andyet maintain accurate grinding action.

Another object yis to provide a simple and practicalart of grinding bywhich the'effect of the grinding action is under exact control.

Another object is to provide an art of the above nature by which theshape of an accurately ground article may be varied and l-yetexactcircular cross-section maintained.

Other objects will be in part obvious and in part pointed outhereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,combinations of elements, arrangement of parts, and in the steps andcombinations of steps, all as will be illustratively hereinafterdescribed, and the scope of the application of which will be indicatedin the following claims.

In the accompanylng drawings, in which is shown one of various possibleembodiments of the mechanical features of this invention: Fig. 1 is aplan of the same; l Fig. 2 is an end'elevation partially broken awa Flg.3 is a side elevation also partially broken away;

Fig. 4` is a diagrammatic plan illustrating one stage of agrlndingaction I Fig. 5 is a similar view illustrating a later 4 stage;

Fig. 6 is a similar view illustrating a still right or left, havingreference A OOBPOMTIUI Gnnwnnre is shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings agrinding wheel 10 and a regulating wheel 11. These wheels are formed toprovide suitable abra sive surfaces and are preferably of the hard form,such as emery wheels. The drivin mechanism for these wheels forms initsel no part of the present invention, but it may be noted that thegrinding wheel is driven at a lngli speed to give a rate of travel ofits peripheral surface best suited for grinding action. This surface inthe embodiment shown travels leftwardin plan as indicated y by the arrowand downwardly at its operative surface where it engages the work. The

regulating wheel is rotated in an opposite l direction, by which it is,of course, meant that its operative or active surface travelssubstantially opposite the Vcorresponding portion of the grinding wheel.The chief functions of the regulating wheel are to rotate and feed thework, and it may be noted that it is driven at a far lower speed thanthe grinding wheel and preferably does not slip to any substantialextent with respect to the Work which it contacts. It is set at a slightangle with respect to the axis of the work, as 1 is indicated by itsexposed surface 12, and thus gives a component of its vaction on thework in the direction indicated by the arrow 13, which feeds the rollslengthwise along their support hereinafter described. `This angle maybe, if desired, varied to correspondingly vary the rate of feed ofthewvork at a given rate' of drive of the wheels?" Positioned between e`vvheels'lO and 11 is a carrier or work-support 14 shown in endelevation in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The

work-support 14 is a fiatl piece of steel inserted between the pairs offlanges or webs 15 and 16 of a fixture or supporting member 17, which bymeans of a screw 19passing th1ough a front plate 21 of the fixture orsupporting member 17 which rests against the front of the machine frameand being elongated thus permits'the fixture or supporting member with4its associated parts to be adjusted to the t0 2 0I is bolted to themachine frame 18 l slot 20.' The latter slot vis formed in the thedrawings, and locked in adjusted position.

As the parts at both the forward and rear side of the wheels aresubstantially identical, except ashereinafter noted, those on theforward side only, shown in full in Fig. 2, will be described in detail.

The work-sup ort 14 is provided with an i upper surface w ich isincllned downwardly upon its surface becoming worn it is readilyremovable and reinserted after turning it 90 to substitute anunwornsurface. The Work 23 is here shown as a succession of cylindricalrolls resting upon the member 22 and guided as hereinafter describedinto a position between the wheels. AWhen it'passes within the grip ofthe wheels, it is continuously` rotated in the direction of the curvedarrow in Fig. 2 of the drawn s and is thus evenly and accurate y groundy the grinding wheel and mea while fed along the surface and out frombetween the wheels by the thrust of the regulating wheel hereinbeforedescribed.

The inclined upper surface of the-worksupport results inthe work beingurged by gravity against the regulating wheel and thus evenly maintainedin operative relation thereto. Furthermore, if there be a slightirregularity in its surface, such as an outward projection, the latterupon engaging the regulating wheel will force the work not directlytoward the rinding wheel but upward alon the inclinedg surface 24 aswell as rightward with respect to Fig. 2. This prevents the grindingwheel from cutting into the oppo site surface of 'the Work every timesuch irregularity en ages the regulating wheel, for the lifting y thesurface 24 brings the work opposite a more distant portion of thegrinding wheel due to its curvature, as indicated at 25 in Fig. 2. Thus,the'work as it passes between the wheels, even though it originally-hasirregularities in its surface, is

erfected as it is rotated about its quickly axis by t @regulatingwheeland cut into true shape by the grinding wheel, and it will be seen thatthe action isself-correcting due to the actionof theinclined surface 24of the work-support. A. y l y,

Turning now to the ,method of mounting the work-support 14 on thefixture 17it. is preferably given aV loose -fit` between the iflanges 15and'16 bothat thel forward and rear portion of theV machine, as isindicated by the space 26. It is held snugly against the flange 16 bymeans-of bolts 27 provided'with "niets-2e.- f ,y

'As shjwn. in'Fig. 3 of. the drawings, Athe'u work-support member 14 isprovided with a air of lnclined slots 29 through which the olts 27 atthe forward and rear end pass.

Although the upper surface of the worksupport is substantiallyhorizontal, its lower sur rests against a similarly inclined surface 31'cut in the fixture or supporting member 17. Thus, if the work-support14 were moved lengthwise, itsupper surface would Irise or fall accordingto its movement toward the front or toward the rear of the machine, itbeing understood that the front of 'the machine is the left-handportion. with respect to Fig. 3 of the drawings.

Between the wheels the fiange or web 16 is much reduced in height, asshown at 32, and is provided with a zeromark 33 coacting withgraduations 34 formed on the lower side of the Work-support 14. Thesegraduations indicate the diameter of the work which the work-support isset to grind. That is, if the work-support be slid to the right, havingreference to Fig. 3, its upper surface will fall, thus permitting workof a larger diameter to be placed thereon 'and yet contact at the properlines on the grinding and regulating wheels. Conversely, if it be slidto the left, its upper surface will rise, moving 1t into position forgrinding smaller work, all as ace is inclined as indicated at andillustratively indicated by the graduations. A

1t is to beunderstood that when the elevation of this work-support 14 isto be adjusted, the nuts 28. are loosened, and after the' work-support14 hasl been slid into its desired position, these nuts are tightened.

Thereupon the work-support will be dependably held in precisely itsdesired adjustment.

Considering now the guiding parts shown at the forward side of themachine, understanding as hereinbefore pointed -out that those at therear are substantially identical, it is to be noted that both of theseguides 35 and 45 are adjustably mounted upon the flanges or webs 15 and16, as shown in Fig. 2. The guide 35 is rounded at Vits lower end 36 torock upon a shoulder 37 formed on fixture 17 The-upper end of the guideis recessed asat 38 to receive a rectangular wear-strip K39 of hardenedsteel, which is secured in position as by the screws 40. Thesewear-straps upon having their surface Worn are readily removable andreversible to turn their inner side outwardly and thus give a freshsurface for Wear. Furthermore, asl the screws 40 are at the center ofthe wear-strip in an upand-down direction, the latter may` be re- Theguide 35'is provided at its lower end with a. pair. of round-nosed vgibscrews 41 which determme'its position with respect to i with respectthereto.

the adjacent flange If the guide is tov be set parallel to thework-support 14, the rounded inner ends of the screws'will project equaldistances from the inner surface of the guide. However, as l hereinafterdescribed, the guides `may be set at inclination with respect to thework-support,I and this setting is rendered secure at the bottom by asuitable adjustment of these screws. 'In other words, they form thefulcrum about which the guides may rock or swing in any desired lane.

The a ove swinging movement is gained from each guide by a singleadjusting screw 42 provided with a narrowed head and having the innersurface of the head rounded or tapered as at 43 tofpermit the guide torock This screw 42 is threaded into the flange or Web 15 and may be setat any desired point to determine the outward swing of the guide. Theabove adjustment having been determined, the locking screw 44 positioneddirectly above. the screw 42 is tightened,l and thus locks the entireguide plate in its desired position.

The screw 42, it will be seen,.tends to move the guide inwardly towardthe flange 15 of the supporting member or fixture 17, and

.hence toward the work-support 14. The

screw 44'above the screw 42, bearing against the surface of the fiange15, tends to move the guide 35 outwardly away from the fiange 15 andfrom the work-support 14. By means ofthe screw 42 the guide 35 is swunginwardly about its pivotally supported lower portion 36, and by means ofthe screw-44 the guide 35 is swung outwardly about its lower portion 36.The screws 41 below the screw A 42, as well as the screw 44 above thesame,

tend to move the guide 35 outwardly-awayv from the flange 15. By meansof these screws 41, the pivotallysup orted lower end 36 of the gulde maybe adjusted toward or l away from the flange 15. Also'by threading oneof the screws 41 in and -the other out, the guide 35 1s swung about avertical axis extending through the twoscrews 42 and 43 and may y besecurely locked in the position to which it is' swung. The guide 35 maythus beswung about a vertical axis and may also be swung about ahorizontal axis vthrough its lower portion 36. j

. is cut away, as at 47, to permit the finished work to be removedlaterally from the worksu'pport, if desired.

The action of the above apparatus will, it is that` similar conbelieved,in large part be understood from r the foregoing.l

The parts are first set to rind the desired diameter of` work. First t eheight of the carrier or work-su port 14 isa justed, as hereinbeforedescri ed, to bring the work up to the correct level. The carrieror'worksupport, furthermore, is adjusted to its proper position betweenthe grinding and reguv if desired, be'mcved bodily by a suitableadjustment of the various screws. The several guides thus positioned,the work is'fed on to the work-support between the forward guides andinto the grip of the wheels. It is necessary to describe in furtherdetail the action of the Wheels, butit may-be noted that the rolls areaccurately ground and fed out between the receiving guides in the rearof the machine, from which they may be removed either by beingdischarffed lengthwise or taken oli' laterally througlithe ga 47.

The action on the rolls is not only sel -cor-V recting during thegrinding due to the inclined surface of the carrier, but due to vthisinclination the rolls press evenly toward the regulating wheel andagainst the left-hand guides, having reference to F ig. 2 of thedrawings.

If desired, the guides may be so positioned as to grind the Work toother than a cylindrical form. Such action to give a concave work isillustrated in Figs. 2 to 4 of the drawings.

In these figures, the wheels 10' and 11 are at the usual' position, butthe entering or forward guides fit the work loosely and are inclinedrearwardly to the left in. plan, whereas the discharging or rearaguideshave an opposite inclination. Thus, as the roll enters the grip 'of thewheels, as shown in Fig. 4, it being understood that the inclinationsare much exaggerated in these gures, the forward end of the roll yisonly slightly ground, but `the depth of cut of the grinding wheel israpidly increased as the roll progresses into the grip. That is, as itmakes the -turn from its direction in the forward guides to itsdirection when entirely between the wheels, its central portion is cutaway to a depth which progressively increases until the center of theroll is reached and thereafter progressively .decreases This actionfurthemore is repeated as the roll passes out of the grip. into'the rearguides, as shown in Fig. 6 of the draw.

ings. The degree of convexity, \the other rearwardly and to the right inplan,' precisely objects of this invention -may be achieved,y 420 theopposite effect will be obtained and the rolls will be ground intoconvex form. F rthermore,` this convexity may be variediby varying theinclination of the guidesin av manner similar to that above describedwith respect to the arrangement of Figs. 4, '5 and 6.

It will thus beseen that thereis provided apparatus by which the variousmechanical This apparatus is rigid in so :Ear as its structure isconcerned andyet is given such a wide latitude of adjust-ability as toadapt it to meet all conditionsof use and give a wide variety in thedesired results without departing from an accurate adherence to thepredetermined form of the work. Y

It will also be seen that there is set forth an art which may be quicklyand conveniently carried on and by which the corresponding objects ofthis invention may be achieved.

As various changes might be made i'n the construction'here' above setforth and as the art herein describ might be varied, all with-y outdeparting from the scope of this invention, itis to be understood thatall the Inat-` ter 'herein described as shown in the accom`panyingdrawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.

I claim as my invention:

1. In'V grinding apparatus, in' combina-tion,

a work support, a guide, means supporting l said guide adjacent thelower edge thereof and mounting said guide to swing about asubstantially horizontal axis toward and away from said work-support,and means adapted to lock said guide in the position into which it isswung. n i ,5.

2. In grinding apparatus, in combination,` a supporting member, awork-support mounted thereon, a guide mounted upon'. said sup# porting'means adjacent said work-support,

y means independent ofl said work-support tending to Vswing said guidetoward said supporting member, and means interposed between said guideand said supporting member tending. to swing said guide away from saidwork-support.

3. In grinding' apparatus, in combination,v

a -work-support, a guide mounted adjacent thereto to swing about -asubstantiallyhorizontal axis adjacent its lower portion, means adaptedto adjust the position of said lower portion in a direction away fromsaid work-v 17,'2'41,aacA

support, and means adapted to lock said guide `in the position intowhich itis swung.

' 4. In grinding apparatus, in combination, a supporting member, a guidemounted adjacent said supporting member, a device tending to move saidguide with respect to said supporting member, and a pair of devicespositioned respectively above and below said vlirst device and bothtending to move said guide with respect to said supporting member in adirection opposite to that in which said first device tends to move saidguide.

5. In grinding apparatus, combination, a supporting member, a guide, apair of threaded devices coacting with said guide,

lone of which devices is upwardly spaced from vthe otherupon said guideand each of which devices tends tomove said guide away from saidsupporting member, and a threaded device intermediate said first twodevices tending to move said guide toward said supportingl member.

6. In grinding apparatus, in combination, supportinor means, aguidelliav'ng itsloiver portion adapted to rock ons/ai supporting means,means adjacent the iower edge of said guide adapted to adjust laterallysaid lower edge with respectto said 'supporting means, and meansinterposed between said supporting means and said guide at a higherortion v of said guide and adapted to hold sai guide in the positioninto which it is rocked.

guide mounted 4upon supporting means, a pair of devices 1n- 7. Ingrindingapparatus, in combination,

supiporting means, J sai dependently adjustable to swing said guidelinto which it is swung.

9. In grinding apparatus, in combination, work-supporting means providedwith a laterally inclined upper surface, a guide to- 1 ward which workon said support tends to roll, and means adapted to adjust the positionof said guide toward and away from said work-support and lock it in,adjusted-position.

10. In grinding apparatus, in combination,

a. grinding wheel, a regulatin wheel, meansl adapted to guide work intot e griip of said Wheels, and means acting upon sai guiding means attwolpointsv thereof adapted to vary the inclination of said guiding meansabout asubstan'tially upright axis.

'of said'wheels, and means adapted inde-f pendently to vary the'angularpositions of each of said guiding means about substanout of the grip ofcoacting grinding and.

tially upright axes.`

12. In grinding apparatus, in combination, a grinding wheel, aregulating wheel, a Worksupport positioned to tend to urge the work bygravit toward said regulatingl wheel, a uide against which said Vworktends to move y gravity, and means adapted to vary the position of saidguide about a substantially upright axis.

13. In grinding apparatus, in combination, a grinding wheel, aregulating wheel, a worksupport, a pair of substantially parallel guideson opposite sides of'said work-support adapted to direct work thereoninto the grip of said wheels, land means adapted to alter the positionof said guides angularly with respect to an upright plane through theaxis of said grinding w eel andmaintain their inner surfaces 'inubstantial registry with the opposite porti s of said grinding andregulating wheels.

14. The herein-described art of grinding which consists in forcing workas it travels regulating -wheels into a path laterally inclined withrespect to the direction which it occupied while positioned midway inits travel between said wheels.

15. The herein-described art of grinding which consists in insertin workinto the `grip of coacting grinding an regulating: wheels in a positionin which it lies substantiallyA within the plane of the axes of saidwheels and is inclined with respect to a plane tan ent to the operatingsurface of vsaid grin 'ng wheel and perpendicular to said first plane.

16. In a grinding machine, in combination, a grinding throat including agrinding wheel and a regulating1 wheel, a work-supporting member adapteto receive work passing, from said grinding throat,a pair of guidingmembers mounted adjacent said worksup orting member and positioned toengage an guide the works it passes from sai grinding throat, one ofsaid guides being shaped to provide an opening for lateral passage ofthe work from said Work-supporting member after the work is fullyremoved "from the grindin throat.

17. In a in ing machine, in combination, a grin ing throat including 'agrinding wheel and a regulating wheel, means'exterior of said 'ndingthroat for guidin work axially with respect to said grinding throatcomprising a supportin member, a pair o i e one on each side o saidwork-supporting member, said guides being mounted for swinging movement'about axes substantiall para lel to the path of movement of the wor toadjust said guides in va direction toward and away from each other, andmeans for swinging said guides.

18. In a inding machine, in combination, a grin ing throat including agrinding ycomprising a work-su porting member, a pair of guides mounteon opposite sides of said work-supporting member, said guides beingmounted for swingin movement about axes substantially paralle to thepath of travel of, the work for adjustment ofsaid guides independentlytoward and away from each other, and means adapted to lock said guidesin the position intol which 4they are swung. l

19. In a grinding machine, in combination, a grinding throat comprisinga grinding wheel and a regulating wheel, means exterior of said grindingthroat for guiding work axially with respect to .said vgrinding throatcomprising a worksupporting member, a guide mounted adjacent theretoadapted to guide the work along said work-supportin member, meansmounting said guide ada te to permit adjustment thereof angularly a outan axis substantially at right an les to the path of movement of theWork, am? means for moving .said guide bodily-toward and away fromwork-supporting member without alteiing its angular adjustment aboutsaid axis.

20. In a grinding machine, in combination, l

a grinding throat com rising a grinding wheel and a regulating w eel,means exterior of saidgrinding throat for uiding work axially withrespect to said grinding throat .comprising `a work-supporting member, a

Iwheel and a re ulat-ing wheel, means exterior los ed to lock saidguides in the position into which theyv are swung. v

21. In a wheel and a regulating wheel, means for supporting and guidinwork axially with re spect to lsaid grinding throat comprising awork-supporting member provided with an inclinedsurface, supportingmeans provided with an inclined surface coacting with said bertransversely withres ect to -said grindf ing throat when said wor-supporting memf ber is moved lengthwise, means for moving saidwork-supporting member lengthwise,

-lll rinding machine, in combinad tion, a grinding throat -including agrinding p and means for locking said work-supporting member relative tosaid supporting means in the position into which it is moved.

22. The herein described art of grinding which consists in forcing workinto the v of coacting grindin and regulating whee s in a ath laterallyyinclined with res ect to the dlrection which it ocou ies and ollowswhile positioned midway 1n its travel be' lo twee said wheels.

In estlmony whereofz I have slgned m name to this specifcatlon thismneteent day of April, 1922.

LEWIS HEIM.

